Physical and legal persons (except for state authorities exercising control and supervision functions within terms of reference delegated to them), which are able to directly or indirectly define decisions and/or affect decisions depending on each other (one of the persons),including those under the concluded deal.

Source: IFC glossary

An accountable, i.e. responsible, person or entity must explain or justify a project, measure or program. This can be a government or a ministry, the World Bank, a manager or an inpidual project head. The responsible party must explain and justify the manner in which the respective mandate was carried out, how funds were used, the degree to which objectives were reached and expectations fulfilled.

Source: Translated from"Un seul monde", No 3/00

The Board of Directors Committee is a subsidiary body(department, group) of the Board of Directors established for preliminary consideration of issues related to the Board of Directors' terms of reference as well as development of corresponding recommendations for the Board of Directors. The most common forms of Committees are: Auditing Committee,Remuneration and Appointment Committee, Strategic Planning Committee.According to corporative management best practices, it's recommended that Committees shall consist of the members of the Board of Directors.

Source: IFC Glossary

The outcome of cost-benefit analysis weighting up commercial gains against losses incurred by a course of action undertaken by a company.

Source: IPPR -Institute for Public Policy Research (UK), A new agenda for business (SME KeyGlossary )

Providing gratis aid (or under concessionary terms) to those who really need it. It may be provided in collective forms (funds, organizations) or in the form of inpidual sponsorship. Free and easy choice of the aid form, time and venue, as well as its content is the basic feature of charity.

Source: IFC glossary

The management of the totality of relationships between a company and its host communities, locally, nationally and globally.

Source: Green Paper CSR European Commission, 2001

Corporate citizenship — a commitment to ethical behavior in business strategy,operations and culture — has been on the periphery of corporate governance and board leadership, linked to corporate reputation.

Source: The Global Compact

A conflict arising due to management of the Company's activity and/or controlling the Company. Members of a conflict situation may be (employees) the Company itself, the shareholders, officials or managers.

Source: IFC glossary

A document approved by a general meeting of the Company's shareholders regulating relationships arising during the Company's management process, including relationships between the shareholders and the Company's bodies, among the Company's bodies, between the Company and concerned parties.

Source: IFC glossary

One of the key figures of the corporate management system. He or she shall ensure observance of legislation requirements and internal documents on corporative management within the Company, and also provide assistance for effective coordination of the Company's managing bodies,information exchange between the mentioned bodies and the shareholders as well as settle other matters related to providing the corporative management in the Company. According to Kazakhstani legislation, the Corporate Secretary is an employee of the Company who may not be a member of the Board of Directors or the Company's executive body. According to practices commonly adopted in foreign countries, his or her status corresponds to top management level.

Source: IFC glossary

A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.

Source: Green Paper CSR European Commission, 2001

CSR is a complex-sounding term for what is in fact a relatively simple idea. In the European Commission the working definition of CSR is: a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interactions with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.

Source:European Centre for the Development of Vocational Trainin, 2009

Alignment of an organisation's products and services with stakeholder expectations,thereby adding economic, environmental and social value.

Source: PriceWaterhouseCoopers (MHC International)

Liability insurance belonging to Company officials with the purpose of compensating costs incurred by the Company or its managers due to legal actions initiated by the shareholders or any third parties.

Source: IFC glossary

The corporate management body responsible for realizing the Company's strategic development plan, introduction of corporative culture according to business ethics standards, developing internal procedures and instructions applied within the Company. A sole executive body may be established in the Company (e.g. President) or collegial body (Board).

Source: IFC glossary

The corporate management system shall ensure protection of shareholders' rights and equal treatment for all shareholders, including minor and foreign shareholders. All shareholders shall be entitled to have access to effective means of protection in case if their rights are violated.

Source: IFC glossary

Supreme managing body of the Company, consisting of shareholders- proprietors of ordinary shares and, in cases provided for by legislation, preference shareholders; this Supreme body shall make decisions on strategically important matters of activity and development of the Joint Stock Company.

Source: IFC glossary

The UN Global Compact is a strategic policy initiative for businesses that are committed to aligning their operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption. By doing so, business, as a primary agent driving globalization, can help ensure that markets, commerce, technology and finance advance in ways that benefit economies and societies everywhere.

Source:UN Global Compact

The term governance first appeared in development aid policy in connection with the events surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall and at the end of the cold war at the beginning of the 1990s. At that time, it became clear that the effectiveness of development cooperation depended on whether institutions,including governments, would react reliably and transparently. The World Bank then coined the term good governance with the intention of increasing the effectiveness of public funds. Good governance exists when the interrelation and pision of roles between the state, civil society and the private sector are founded upon some important principles: participation, transparency,non-discrimination, effectiveness and reliability of public affairs. These must ensure that the citizens of a country – either as inpiduals or as a group –can choose the manner of their own development and are fully aware of their rights and obligations.

Source: Swiss Development Cooperation Glossary

Corporate blackmail which is the abuse of rights by a shareholder in order to increase the value of the stocks belonging to him.

Source:IFC Glossary

A member of the Board of Directors who has no relationship to the Company other than membership in its Board of Directors.

Source: IFC glossary

A legal entity actively investing money in shares and other securities in order to gain profit, for instance: investment funds, pension funds, insurance companies and banks.

Source: IFC glossary

A person possessing 10% or more percentage of voting shares and who is able to provide control over the Company's activity including by way of taking part in the activities of management bodies of the Joint Stock Company.

Source: IFC glossary

A shareholder who possesses less than 10% of the voting shares of the Joint Stock Company.

Source: IFC glossary

One of the basic principles of the corporate management system(along with accountability, transparency and fairness), wherein the corporate management system shall recognize the rights of concerned parties provided for under the law and the corporate management system will actively cooperate with joint stock companies and any concerned parties for the purposes of creating prosperity, new jobs and ensuring financial sustainability.

Source:IFC glossary

A measure of the probability that damage to life, health, property, and/or the environment will occur as a result of a given hazard. Comment: Risk is measured in terms of impact and likelihood.

Source: CECOA, 2005 CSR/SME Project

The introduction of change or control measures with the intention of eliminating or bringing the level of risk associated with a hazard within acceptable limits.

Source: EDP UK Glossary

A security issued by Joint Stock Company which certifies the right to take part in managing the Joint Stock Company, to receive pidends for this security as well as a part of the Company's property at its liquidation.

Source: IFC glossary

Person who owns shares in the Company.

Source: IFC glossary

Small and medium-sized enterprises having fewer than 250 employees and either an annual turnover less than €50 million or an annual balance-sheet total not exceeding €43 million. (As of January 1st, 2005)

Source: CEDEFOP,Terminology of vocational training - Glossary, 2003

The stock of shared meaning and trust in a given community. Comment: social capital is a prerequisite for cooperation and organized human behaviour,including business. It can be transformed, consumed or replenished, just like financial capital.

Source: CEDEFOP, Terminology of vocational training - Glossary, 2003 

A process of exchange between social partners to promote consultation, dialogue and collective bargaining.

Source: CEDEFOP, Terminology of vocational training - Glossary, 2003

Asocial enterprise is a social mission driven organization that trades in goods or services for a social purpose

Source: Social media glossary

Somebody who identifies and brings to life new business opportunities but who is motivated by public and social good rather than the need for personal profit.

Source: social enterprise network

Social entrepreneurship is the practice of simultaneously pursuing both a financial and a social return on investment (the “double bottom line”). A social entrepreneur is someone who runs a social enterprise (sometimes called asocial purpose business venture), pursuing both a financial and social return on investment. Often, social entrepreneurs offer system-changing solutions for the world’s most urgent social problems.

Source: Social media glossary

Detailed report to assess the effects and consequences of public-interest and nonprofit activities of an entity (such as a corporation,region, or even society) upon an area of specified social concern.

Source: Business glossary, Dictionary for accounting terms 

The integration of inpiduals or groups Into society as citizens or as members of various public social networks. Comment: social inclusion is fundamentally rooted in labor market or economic inclusion.

Source: CEDEFOP,Terminology of vocational training - Glossary, 2003

Stakeholders’ organisations involved in a process of social dialogue (employers associations, trade unions, public authorities and/or representatives of civil society, NGOs,etc).

Source: CEDEFOP, Terminology of vocational training - Glossary, 2003(adapted)

Non-financial data covering staff issues, community economic developments, stakeholder involvement and can include volunteer activities and environmental performance.

Source: MHC International ltd

SROI does not attempt to definitively quantify and capture all aspects of the value that accrues as a result of a successful program, but rather to identify direct, demonstrable cost savings or revenue contributions that result from that intervention.

Source: REDF

Inpiduals, groups of persons or organizations which have significant influence on decisions adopted by the Company or are subject to such decisions (for example, employees, clients, partners, business junctures, public organizations, state bodies, etc.)

Source: IFCglossary

A system of middle-term and long-term cooperation between business and the state to resolve socially important tasks under mutually profitable conditions.

Source: IFC glossary

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Source: The Report ofthe Brundtland Commission, UN WACE

An organisation of workers that promotes and protects the interests of its members in issues such as wages and working conditions, especially through negotiations with employers.

Source: Fields of hope

A principle that allows those affected by administrative decisions, business transactions or charitable work to know not only the basic facts and figures,but also the mechanisms and processes of business operation. Comment: it is the duty of civil servants,managers and trustees to act visibly, predictably and understandably.

Source:Transparency International

The corporate management system shall ensure timely disclosing of authentic information concerning significant matters relating to the Joint Stock Company, including its financial status, operational performance,ownership and management structure.

Source: IFC glossary

The degree to which the value of qualifications can be identified and compared on the sectoral, regional, national or international labor and training markets.

Source: Cedefop,2003.